Managing Technology Essays - Management, Marketing,

Overseeing Technology We characterize data innovation (IT) to incorporate not just PC innovation (equipment and programming) for handling and putting away data, yet in addition interchanges innovation for transmitting data. Advances in PC and interchanges advances have empowered firms to seek after IT ventures. This will assist them with gaining most extreme bit of leeway from their insight resources for influence the information on singular representatives to the advantage of different workers and the association in general. Organizations have strived to accomplish an upper hand in the past by contending in one of two different ways: 1. By Cost-by being an ease maker of a decent and administration 2. By Differentiation of an item or administration by contending on client view of item quality and client assistance administrations. Data innovation is an essential piece of numerous organizations everyday activities. By the 1990's, utilizations of IT were broad and refined enough to empower firms to contend in other creative manners. While in the past firms needed to pick between a minimal effort and a separation methodology, today IT empowers firms in certain enterprises to contend on both ease and item separation at the same time. Further, a few firms are endeavoring to contend not just on both ease and high caliber, yet additionally on the capacity to make exceptionally differed altered items. Alluded to as mass customization, IT is utilized to quickly connect procedures and work bunches so as to deliver tweaked items that are actually what a client needs. Evans Consoles, a Calgary based assembling firm, is a prime case of how, and where data innovation is executed and used as far as vital preferred position and key plans. Established in 1980, Evans is perceived worldwide for its skill in the plan and assembling of specialized furnishings, work areas and PC comforts for specific conditions, for example, information and control focuses, exchanging floors, war rooms, PC floors and other innovation serious work habitats. Throughout the years, Evans has gained notoriety for solid task the board, creative item structure and unrivaled quality through in excess of 2,000 prominent installation's. Such prominent establishments incorporate clients as NASA, FedEx, EDS, AT&T, IBM, Dow Chemical, Shell, United Airlines, FAA, and Deutsche Telekom. (See photograph shows for instances of items and introduces) Evans by and large corporate technique is to give excellent altered items at a serious cost to clients all around the globe. As a piece of this, IT has been actualized so as to encourage the proficiency and adequacy of the association. With Evans corporate divisions and preparing plants being scattered more than 4 areas around Calgary, IT has become a need. Data innovation can be lined up with Evans' corporate vital plans from the first to the last advance/process. In the first place, most of Evans existing or new customers are on a worldwide scale and correspondence is crucial since the items being manufactured are on a custom premise. Evans need to remain in consistent contact so as to fabricate a compatibility and guarantee that what they are building is good for the clients needs. This is the place the utilization of email and video conferencing becomes an integral factor. Evans can discuss internationally with little exertion or cost. This can likewise help increment worldwide deals and assist Evans with turning into the worldwide pioneer. Having the option to decrease travel costs spares Evans and its client a lot of time and cash, and thusly empowers them to deliver the ideal item inside less time. At the point when the ventures are requested, either FAX or email contingent upon the size of the task gets them. This recoveries both the customer and Evans cash and time for transportation of outlines. Furthermore, if there are any errors or misconception, it is a straightforward and easy methodology to amend the circumstance as a result of the quick methods in imparting and sending records electronically. Correspondence is a huge piece of Evans IT key preferred position. Most clients requests are on a period premise and Evans needs to satisfy these desires to their best design. In doing as such, Evans as an organization should have the option to convey at high speeds so no procedure is held up. This would be the motivation behind the Evans office mechanization. There are five stages engaged with computerization; the first is ensuring that everything is facilitated.

Operations Management Report free essay sample

It traces the discoveries of a perception made on Saturday, 30th March, 2013 which set up that long lines are a typical event at Movie World amusement park especially during top occasions. The report will look at the group of information in the current writing with respect to lining at amusement stops and how it influences visitor fulfillment, it will at that point propose potential arrangements, drawing from the writing audit and afterward give an assessment of the elective arrangements just as suggest suitable strategies for the goals of the lining difficulties at Movie World Theme park. The report finishes up by repeating the significance of compelling line the board and its capability to diminish the degree of decision time, a factor which is exceptionally basic to visitor fulfillment. 2. 0Brief depiction of business and setting Movie World Theme Park Movie World amusement park is a popularâ movieâ relatedâ theme parkâ on the Gold Coast in Australia which is claimed and worked by Village Roadshow Limited and is the main film related park in Australia. We will compose a custom exposition test on Tasks Management Report or then again any comparable theme explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page Film World works different film themed rides and attractions extending from movement test systems to thrill rides and moderate stream rides. It likewise gloats of  costumed characterâ performers who watch the recreation center, permitting guests the opportunity to take photographs with them. This paper will break down the activities of the amusement park as saw on Saturday, 30th March, 2013 with specific enthusiasm on line the board. Long and scattered lines were seen on the day, this report will examine line the board as an activity the executives issue that Movie World Theme Park needs to address, especially at the ticketing workplaces and as guests were holding on to jump on crazy ride and moderate stream rides. This is on the grounds that as per Norman (2009), long queues at amusement parks are a persistent wellspring of disturbance for guests and may affect on the nature of their experience. 3. 0Identification and investigation of Operations Management challenge-Long and sloppy lines At the ticketing workplaces, the lines are exceptionally long and now and again cluttered; this is exacerbated by the way that not all the stalls are open simultaneously much of the time. Heung, Tsang and Cheng (2009) recommend that most exercises wherein an assistance is given expect clients to hold up in a line during the experience, the issue of lining is very regular in amusement parks where guests who belittle well known new attractions have all the earmarks of being investing increasingly more energy lining, as they are compelled to sit tight for a huge time span basically to play a game or take an undertaking ride at an amusement park. They battle that sits tight for rides at attractions are the top protests among visitors. Research has indicated that one thing that is inalienable in holding up lines is the general abhorrence for the procedure, the emotions and suppositions created in holding up lines impact the clients view of the anticipated understanding (Cope, Cope III, Bass, Syrdal, H. A, 2011, Davis Heineke 1994). Desai and Hunsucker (2008) battle that the objective of numerous guests at a delight/amusement park is to encounter the most number of rides and attractions conceivable inside the specified time; they contend that during top seasons a typical sight at amusement parks is a long line of guests holding back to look for the rush and fervor of diversion rides. They further contend that combined with a restricted ride limit, the recreation center chiefs face serious issues in adapting to this overwhelming interest and high hold up times on rides. This situation of holding up long periods in lines demonstrates substandard assistance levels with respect to stop the board and may add to client disappointment. Davis Heineke (1994) recommends that the main problem in line administration isn't the genuine measure of time that the client holds up in a line, yet in addition the customer’s view of that pause and their related degree of fulfillment, subsequently giving an elevated level of consumer loyalty ought to be the genuine goal of viable line the board. The accentuation is consumer loyalty since it gives the important linkage between the degree of administration gave and the customer’s impression of the administration and the customer’s future conduct towards the firm. 4. 0Possible answers for the test In request to moderate the impacts of long holding up time, Kostami and Ward (2009) present that many specialist organizations offer clients the decision of either holding up in a line or going disconnected and returning at a powerfully decided future time e. g. Disneyland. They contend be that as it may, that to work such a framework, the specialist organization must settle on a forthright choice on the best way to assign administration limit between the lines particularly considering the way that the estimation of disconnected holding up times is confounded by the disappointment by some disconnected clients to return for administration at their designated time. Different arrangements may incorporate settling limit issues by expanding ride limit through including more foundation or expanding the limit of existing hardware, however this may definitely include substantial capital use (Desai and Hunsucker, 2008). Heung, Tsang and Cheng (2009), battle that clients who are vacant will in general see longer holding up times more contrarily than clients who are involved during their pauses, this recommends endeavors planned for possessing holding up clients with understanding materials, fascinating presentations or giving chances to them to do their own errands as they hold up would limit the negative observations that they would have about the holding up time. Further, Heung, Tsang and Cheng (2009) contend that a basic component in all aspects of overseeing client observation regarding lines is the correct preparing of contact work force particularly in high perceivability and low assortment business conditions like amusement parks. Norman (2009) fights that estimates, for example, bookings ahead of time limit the injury of standing by however they should be viewed as reasonable and evenhanded to those without reservations. The executives may consider allotting clients numbers at appearance and afterward calling them in arrangement. Norman (2009) presents that reasonableness of framework and estimation of the ride could limit apparent holding up time. The board ought to accordingly, center around giving individuals a decent encounter while looking out for a line. The board may likewise consider applying Little’s Law in working out normal holding up time and the normal number of visitors sitting tight for an assistance, this will empower them decide normal pace of appearances to the framework, consequently guaging request and thus diminishing the unfavorable impacts of queuing(Little, 2011). 5. 0Conclusion/Recommendations Long holding up time can contrarily influence the visitor experience and even outcome in shying away or reneging with respect to the visitor. It is hence, prescribed that to limit on the negative impacts of holding up time, more ticket offices are opened and more exercises are presented. Settling limit issues will empower the board at Movie World amusement park to limit normal cost when there are costs related with client surrender and lining. Of most extreme significance is the requirement for the board to concentrate on giving visitors a decent encounter by guaranteeing that frameworks set up to determine these lining difficulties and consequently improve the through put, in the arrangement of the administration, are believed to be reasonable by the client. Powerful line the executives may mean the contrast between quality visitor experience, and in this manner, zero decision time, and disappointed clients whose grumblings if not very much oversaw may bring about loss of business for the specialist organization. In a business domain where the client has various choices to look over, it is significant for specialist co-ops to pay attention to quality administration, and on account of Movie World, the board can't bear to overlook the issues brought about by lining, thinking about its impacts on visitor fulfillment. References Cope, R. F. , Cope III, R. F. Bass, A. N. , Syrdal H. A. (2011). Creative information the board at Disney: Human capital and lining answers for administrations. Diary of Service Science, 4(1), 13 Davis, M. M. , Heineke, J. (1994). Understanding the jobs of the client and the activity for better line the executives. Global Journal of Operations Production Management, 14(5), 21-34. doi:10. 1108/01443579410056777 Desai, S. S. , Hunsucker, J. L. (2008). An affectability investigation instrument for improving the limit of entertainment rides. Diary of Simulation, 2(2), 117-126, doi:10. 1057/jos. 2008. 3 Heung, V. C. S. Tsang,N. , Chang, M. (2009). Lining conduct in amusement stops: an examination among Chinese and Western visitors. Diary of China Tourism Research, 5(1), 41-51 http://dx. doi. organization/10. 1080/19388160802711394 Kostami, V. , Ward, A. R. (2009). Overseeing administration frameworks with a disconnected holding up choice and client surrender. Assembling and Service Operations the board, 11(4), 644-656. Little, J. D. C. (2011). Little’s Law as saw on its 50th commemoration. Activities Research, 59(3), 536-549 Norman, D. A. (2009). Structuring holds up that work. MIT Sloan Management Review, 50(4), 23-28

All the Books! Podcast, Episode #9 New Releases for July 7, 2015

All the Books! Podcast, Episode #9 New Releases for July 7, 2015 This week, Liberty and Rebecca discuss The Invaders, Lucky Us, Speak, and more new releases. This episode is sponsored by Scribd and  Mãn by Kim Thúy. Subscribe to All the  Books! using  RSS or iTunes and never miss a beat book. Books discussed on the show: The Invaders by Karolina Waclawiak Speak by Louisa Hall Secessia by Kent Wascom As If!: The Oral History of Clueless as told by Amy Heckerling and the Cast and Crew  by Jen Chaney Among the Ten Thousand Things by Julia Pierpoint A Map of Betrayal by Ha Jin Bell Weather by Dennis Mahoney Lucky Us by Amy Bloom What were reading: Darconvilles Cat by Alexander Theroux The Mad Feast: An Ecstatic Tour Through Americas Food  by Matthew Gavin Frank More books out today: Foulsham: The Iremonger Trilogy, Book Two by Edward Carey Time Salvager by Wesley Chu A Necessary End by Holly Brown The New Neighbor by Leah Stewart The Next Next Level: A Story of Rap, Friendship, and Almost Giving Up  by Leon Neyfakh The Curious World of Calpurnia Tate by Jacqueline Kelly The Billion Dollar Spy: A True Story of Cold War Espionage and Betrayal by David E Hoffman A Full Life: Reflections at Ninety by Jimmy Carter A, B, C: Three Short Novels by Samuel R Delany Lifes Greatest Secret: The Race to Crack the Genetic Code by Matthew Cobb Green Hell by Ken Bruen Chord by Rick Barot Tender Data by Monica McClure The Insect Farm by Stuart Prebble Taking Pity by David Mark Talk by Linda Rosenkrantz Dexter is Dead by Jeff Lindsay Down Among the Dead Men by Peter Lovesey Those Girls by Chevy Stevens The Hand That Feeds You by AJ Rich The Girl with Seven Names by Hyeonseo Lee You’re Making Me Hate You by Corey Taylor The Small Backs of Children by Lidia Yuknavitch The Way Things Were by Aatish Taseer Ideal by Ayn Rand The Flying Circus by Susan Crandall The Captive Condition by Kevin P. Keating Trollhunters by Guillermo del Toro and Daniel Kraus French Concession by Xiao Bai Signal by Patrick Lee Vienna Melody by Ernst Lothar The Swede by Robert Karjel The Summer of Good Intentions by Wendy Francis You Don’t Have to Live Like This by Benjamin Markovits Forensics: What Bugs, Burns, Prints, DNA and More Tell Us About Crime by Val McDermid The Anger Meridian by Kaylie Jones Little Beasts by Matthew McGevna Vanishing Games by Roger Hobbs Bull Mountain by Brian Panowich Aurora by Kim Stanley Robinson The Last Pilot by Benjamin Johncock Pretty Is by Maggie Mitchell The Other Serious: Essays for the New American Generation by Christy Wampole Black Cat Bone: Poems by John Burnside Shapeshifters by Stefan Spjut Turning Into Dwelling: Poems by Christopher Gilbert Suicide Notes from Beautiful Girls Name of the Devil by Andrew Mayne Love and Other Wounds: Stories by Jordan Harper Bradstreet Gate by Robin Kirman The Visitors by Sally Beauman A Possibility of Violence by D. A. Mishani Meanwhile There Are Letters: The Correspondence of Eudora Welty and Ross Macdonald edited by Suzanne Marrs and Tom Nolan Strange Animals by Chad Kultgen Newport by Jill Morrow Hardcovers now in paperback: Cutting Teeth by Julia Fierro Friendship by Emily Gould A Brave Man Seven Storeys Tall by Will Chancellor Mambo in Chinatown by Jean Kwok Shirley by Susan Scarf Merrell The Sunrise by Victoria Hislop The Ice Cream Queen of Orchard Street by Susan Jane Gilman Landline by Rainbow Rowell Perfidia by James Ellroy The Secret History of Wonder Woman by Jill Lepore California by Edan Lepucki ____________________ Expand your literary horizons with New Books!, a weekly newsletter spotlighting 3-5 exciting new releases, hand-picked by our very own Liberty Hardy. Sign up now!

One Word or Two Understanding Confusing Expressions

A common writing error occurs when students use the wrong version of a compound word or phrase. Its important to know the difference between everyday and every day because these expressions have very different meanings.   Improve your writing by learning the differences between expressions that are very similar but that fill very different roles when it comes to sentence structure. A Lot or Alot? â€Å"A lot† is a two-word phrase meaning very much. This is an informal expression, so you shouldn’t use it â€Å"a lot† in your writing. â€Å"Alot† is not a word, so you should never use it! It’s a good idea to avoid this expression altogether in formal writing. All Together or Altogether? Altogether is an adverb meaning completely, entirely, wholly, or considering everything. It often modifies an adjective. All together means as a group. The meal was altogether pleasing, but I would not have served those dishes all together. Everyday or Every Day? The two-word expression â€Å"every day† is used as an adverb (modifies a verb like wear), to express how often something is done: I wear a dress every day. The word â€Å"everyday† is an adjective that means common or ordinary. It modifies a noun. I was horrified when I realized Id worn an everyday dress to the formal dance. They served an everyday meal—nothing special. Never Mind or Nevermind? The word â€Å"nevermind† is often used in error for the two-word term â€Å"never mind.†Ã‚   The phrase â€Å"never mind† is a two-word imperative meaning â€Å"please disregard† or â€Å"pay no attention to that.† This is the version youll use most often in your life. Never mind that man behind the curtain. All Right or Alright? â€Å"Alright† is a word that appears in dictionaries, but it is a nonstandard version of â€Å"all right† and should not  be used in formal writing. To be safe, just use the two-word version. Is everything all right in there? Backup or Back Up? There are many compound words that confuse us because they sound similar to a verb phrase. In general, the verb form usually consists of two words and the similar compound word version is a noun or adjective. Verb: Please back up your work when using a word processor.Adjective: Make a backup copy of your work.Noun: Did you remember to make a backup? Makeup or Make Up? Verb: Make up your bed before you leave the house.Adjective: Study for your makeup exam before you leave the house.Noun: Apply your makeup before you leave the house. Workout or Work Out? Verb: I need to work out more often.Adjective: I need to wear workout clothing when I go to the gym.Noun: That jog gave me a good workout. Pickup or Pick Up? Verb: Please pick up your clothes.Adjective: Don’t use a pickup line on me!Noun: I’m driving my pickup to the mall. Setup or Set Up? Verb: Youll have to set up the chairs for the puppet show.Adjective: Unfortunately, there is no setup manual for a puppet show.Noun: The setup will take you all day. Wake-Up or Wake Up? Verb: I could not wake up this morning.Adjective: I should have asked for a wake-up call.Noun: The accident was a good wake-up.

Top Definition Essay Topics Examples Reviews!

Top Definition Essay Topics Examples Reviews! The best method to start is to look up several distinctive definitions of the period, and see the way that it's usually utilized. There are many ways to define a term. You should understand the term before it is possible to define it for others. Furthermore, it's important to restrict your term before you commence defining it. Getting the Best Definition Essay Topics Examples Each portion of your mind that's concerned with these kinds of things will make its wants known, and endeavor to distract you. Incapability of doing things by yourself, teaches a man to be patient. Well, while it can appear hard at first, things get pretty easy if you're able to find some excellent funny definition essay topics and select one that you think you can crack in a common rib cracking fashion. Unless you're a a lot more forgiving person than most of us, you will likely be thinking one of the very first things. Still, if you're considering writing a persuasive essay, you're still likely to want to convey your opinions about a particular topic in a manner that. You may acquire an idea for a starting point in your essay. If finding a suitable topic for your exemplification essay is simply the start of your problems, there's a way to make them go away. If you need assistance with a definition essay, or just do not have a sufficient amount of time to write it by yourself, no worries! The Definition Essay Topics Examples Cover Up Essay writing is a typical school assignment, a component of standardized tests, and. If it comes to written assignments, they decide to use custom research papers writing service since they aren't certain if they can deal with the complicated research undertaking. While writing your introduction, you are going to want to concentrate on some vital places. 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In such a paper, you are needed to compose a personal yet academic definition of a particular word or subject. You may obtain just about any Sample essay online for unique subjects. You do not need to buy a Sample essay, as it's entirely free. By viewing the Sample essay, you can choose whether you ought to obtain an essay for yourself. Viewing a Sample essay and considering the matter of plagiarism is extremely important.

Sociology and Economic Prosperity Free Essays

MULTI TOPIC ESSAY 1. Social problems in our society and crimes in our society. 2. We will write a custom essay sample on Sociology and Economic Prosperity or any similar topic only for you Order Now Corruption. 3. Social evils. 4. Nepotism. 5. Smuggling. 6. Over population. 7. Population and poverty. 8. Inflation. 9. Dearness. 10. Drug. 11. Sectarianism. 12. Social and economic problems of Pakistan. 13. Economic crises. 14. Mass illiteracy. 15. Beggary. 16. Drug addiction. 17. Bribery. 18. Dowry. 19. Violence. 20. Despair. 21. Depression. 22. Black marketing. 23. Social and economic crises. 24. Indiscipline. 25. Hoarding. 26. Hypocrisy. 27. Injustice. 28. Road side robbery. 29. Provincialism. 30. Religious violence. 1. Ethic violence. 32. Lack of tolerance. 33. Dis unity. 34. Black biting. 35. Un employment. 36. Terrorism. 37. Lawlessness. 38. Violation of fundamental rights. 39. Feudalism or Feudal Repute. 40. Capitalism. 41. Flattery. 42. Health problems. 43. Freedom of press. 44. Tax exclusion. 45. In sufficient Medical facilities. 46. Crushing border of foreign debt. 47. The devastation of currency. 48. Electricity crises. 49. Inflation. 50. Mass illiteracy. OUTLINE. 1. Int roduction. 2. The evil impacts and implication of __________. 3. It breeds a lot of social, economic, political and moral problems. . Causes of the _____________. 5. Remedies. 6. Conclusion. __________ has become one of the most embarrassing (tension) and explosive problem all over the world especially in the third world countries like Pakistan. It is full of dangers of devastating dimensions, evil impact, implication of grave and impressive magnitude. ___________ creates instability and demoralization in our nation and in a back flesh it breeds depression and frustration in our society and state. It creates and spreads the feelings of uncertainly and insecurity among the masses. If ________creeps in a society.  Read also  Sociology and Social Integration. It eats into its vitals and soon corrodes its inner strength, outer splendour, economic prosperity, social peace and national unity. Consequently, a nation good image is spoiled all over the world. Lawlessness becomes order of the day indiscipline due to poverty, corruption, violence, indiscipline and mass illiteracy. It creates conflict and confrontation. It is not efficiently and properly and checked the entire indicial Marla and economic fabric of nation is close and collapsed. __________ is highly detriment and devastating for a country like Pakistan that has fragile economic and political instability. If the evil of _________ is not nipped in the bud it may spread rapidly like a bush fire, and may engulf the whole nation or region like an epidemic. __________ has badly shattered the structure of the country. It causes a severe blow to the law of country and supremacy of the constitution is shattered by it. It deprives mass of mental, physical, spiritual, moral and economic prosperity and causes grave concerns for national unity and territorial integrity ________ also paves way for bloody regulations and military take over. So every peace loving person who fervently longs and cherished dreams for peace, prosperity and protection must ponder upon causes of social concern of _________. The main causes of _______ are mass illiteracy, poverty, wrong economic policies of the government, people’s insatiable desire to accumulate countless riches and blind multiplication of worldly whishes. _________ creates irresistible, economic pressure on social and economic justice and gulfs have been increased between the lower and upper class. In a nutshell, mass illiteracy, temptation for ostentation of wealth, lust for power, luxury and comfort are the main causes of ________. Social, religious, linguistic differences also breed conflict and confrontation bias and hatred among the people who in back flesh grow and spread ________. Secondly feudalism, capitalism and unequal distribution of opportunities, un-availability of fundamental rights and liberties spread __________. Thirdly the non-availability of basic necessities and facilities also paves the way to spread _______ in a society or state. External factors like agents or agencies of hostile neighboring state like India and Russia also play a extol role in spreading ________ in the land of our country in order to destabilize the state and depress the people. It should be the basic and paramount concern of the men at the helm of our affairs as well as the scholars, educationists, Political parties, NGO’s and national mass media to take necessary steps at their levels for the eradication of growing penance of _________ in the best national and human inters. How to cite Sociology and Economic Prosperity, Papers

Julius Caesar Brutus An Honor Man Essays - Junii, Julius Caesar

Julius Caesar: Brutus An Honor Man In Shakespeare's play of "Caesar" Brutus is a conspirator who portrays a person who favors a republic for Rome. Brutus is an honorable man. Many characters in the play show there reverence for Brutus. Brutus exemplifies his honor in many ways. Brutus is obsequious when he is needed to abet his fellow romans. Brutus is an honorable man. "Am I entreated to Speak and Strike? O Rome I make thee promise, If the redress will follow, then receivest thy full petition at the hand of Brutus" (Shakespeare 397). Brutus will obey to whatever the romans convey to him. Consequently, Brutus joins the conspiracy inorder to help the romans rid rome of Caesar. Brutus also understands that he is putting it all on the line for his romans, therefore Brutus is an honorable man. Brutus is a scrupulous man, whose virtues endure. "No not an oath, If not by the face of men, the sufferance of our souls, the time's abuse-If these motives be weak, break off betimes, and every men hence to his idle bed; So let high sighted tyranny rage on, till each man drop by lottery" (Shakespeare 399). Brutus said that if the conspirators do not join for a common cause, then there is no need for an oath because the conspirators are self-righteous, and they are serving the romans. If the conspirators don't bind together, then each man will go his own way, become a weakling, and die when it suits the tyrants caprice. Brutus is advocates peace, freedom and liberty, for all romans, which shows that Brutus is an altruistic as well as an honorable man. Brutus also had a compassion for Caesar when he had killed Caesar. "If then that a friend demand why Brutus rose against Caesar, this is my answer: Not that I loved Caesar less, but that I loved Rome more" (Shakespeare 421). Brutus had honored Caesar but Brutus felt that Caesar was to ambitious. Brutus also felt that Caesar made the romans as slaves. Therefore, Brutus is an honorable man. Brutus is a noble man who was revered by many. Brutus had joined the conspiracy because he had the desire to help the commoners. He was a follower of idealism, where the romans would possess peace, liberty and freedom. Brutus wanted the kill Caesar, because he believed that all of the people of Rome would eventually be slaves, thus Brutus resorted to the assassination of Caesar. Brutus is a honorable man.

Miranda Rights essays

Miranda Rights essays On February 28 and March 1, 1966, the case of Miranda v. Arizona was argued in the Supreme Court, and was decided on June 13, 1966. The issue in question was Does the police practice of interrogating individuals without notifying them of their right to counsel and their protection against self-incrimination violate the Fifth Amendment? Early in 1963, an 18- year old woman was kidnapped and raped in Phoenix, Arizona. The police investigated the case, and soon found and arrested a poor, and mentally disturbed man. The name of this man was Ernesto Miranda, a name that would become well known in American constitutional studies. Miranda was 23 years old when he was arrested. He confessed that he had kidnapped and raped the young woman after only two hours of questioning. By confessing to the crime, Miranda was convicted for kidnapping and rape. However, when Miranda was arrested he was not told his rights that are stated in amendment number five. On appeal, Mirandas lawyers pointed out that the police had never told him that he had the right to be represented by a lawyer, and that he could remain silent if he wished to do so. In addition, he was not told that everything that he said could be used against him. In the end of 1966, the United States Supreme Court gave support to the defendant side by only a 5-4 majority. The Supreme Court decision detailed the principles governing police interrogation. In addition, they decided that the police have to make certain points clear for the accused before questioning and suspect. Ernesto Miranda, the defendant was a Mexican immigrant working as a truck driver. Miranda previously had already had a police record. Mirandas attorneys in court argued that even though Miranda had admitted to the kidnapping and rape in the integration room that this information could not be used in court. Also Miranda was not told his rights, so therefore Miranda may not have confes...

Biography of Renzo Piano, Italian Architect

Biography of Renzo Piano, Italian Architect Renzo Piano (born September 14, 1937) is a Pritzker Prize Laureate, an architect known for his broad range of iconic projects that blend architecture and engineering. From a sports stadium in his native Italy to a cultural center in the south Pacific, Pianos architecture exhibits futuristic design, a sensitivity to the environment, and attention to the user experience. Fast Facts: Renzo Piano Known For:  Pritzker-Prize Laureate, leading-edge and prolific contemporary architectBorn:  September 14, 1937 in Genoa, ItalyParents: Carlo PianoEducation: Polytechnic University of MilanMajor Projects:  Centre Georges Pompidou, Paris, the Lingotto Factory restoration in Turin, Italy, the Kansai International Airport, Osaka, the Museum of the Beyeler Foundation, Basel, the Jean Marie Tjibaou Cultural Center, Noumà ©a, New Caledonia, the Potsdamer Platz reconstruction, Berlin, The Shard, London, California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco, The Whitney Museum, New YorkAwards and Honors:  Legion of Honour, the gold medal of the Royal Institute of British Architects in London, Pritzker Architecture PrizeSpouse: Magda Arduino, Emilia (Milly) RossatoChildren: Carlo, Matteo, LiaNotable Quote: Architecture is art. I dont think you should say that too much, but it is art. I mean, architecture is many, many things. Architecture is science, is technology, is geography, is typography , is anthropology, is sociology, is art, is history. You know all this comes together. Architecture is a kind of bouillabaisse, an incredible bouillabaisse. And, by the way, architecture is also a very polluted art in the sense that its polluted by life, and by the complexity of things. Early Years Renzo Piano was born into a family of building contractors, including his grandfather, father, uncles, and brother. Piano honored this tradition when in 1981 he named his architecture firm Renzo Piano Building Workshop (RPBW), as if it were forever to be a small family business. Says Piano: I was born into a family of builders, and this has given me a special relationship with the art of doing. I always loved going to building sites with my father and seeing things grow from nothing, created by the hand of man. Piano studied at the  Polytechnic University of Milan from 1959 to 1964 before returning to work in his fathers business in 1964, working under the guidance of Francis Albini. Early Career and Influences Eking out a living by teaching and building with his familys business, from 1965 to 1970 Piano traveled to the United States to work in the Philadelphia office of Louis I. Kahn. He then went on to London to work with the Polish engineer Zygmunt StanisÅ‚aw Makowski, known for his study and research of spatial structures. Early on, Piano sought out guidance from those who blended architecture and engineering. His mentors included the French-born designer Jean Prouvà © and the brilliant Irish structural engineer Peter Rice. In 1969, Piano received his first major commission to design the Italian Industry Pavilion at Expo ‘70 in Osaka, Japan. His Pavilion garnered international attention, including that of young architect Richard Rogers. The two architects formed a fruitful partnership that lasted from 1971 to 1978. Together they entered and won the international competition for the Centre Georges Pompidou in Paris. The Centre Pompidou Piano and Rogers spent the better part of the 1970s designing and building the Centre Georges Pompidou, also known as Beaubourg. It remains one of the main cultural centers and attractions in Paris. Completed in 1977, it was career-launching architecture for both men. The radically innovative Centre has often been described as â€Å"high tech.† Piano has objected to this description, offering his own: â€Å"Beaubourg was intended to be a joyful urban machine, a creature that might have come from a Jules Verne book, or an unlikely looking ship in dry dock...Beaubourg is a double provocation: a challenge to academicism, but also a parody of the technological imagery of our time. To see it as high-tech is a misunderstanding.† International Notoriety After their success with the Centre, the two architects went their own way. In 1977, Piano partnered with Peter Rice to form Piano Rice Associates. And in 1981, he founded the Renzo Piano Building Workshop. Piano has become the most sought-after museum architect in the world. He is renowned for his ability to harmonize buildings both with their external environment and the art exhibited within them.   Piano is also celebrated for his landmark examples of energy-efficient green design. With a living roof and a four-story tropical rainforest, the California Academy of Sciences in San Francisco claims to be the worlds greenest museum, thanks to the design of Piano. The Academy writes, It all began with architect Renzo Piano’s idea to lift up a piece of the park and put a building underneath. For Piano, the architecture became part of the landscape. Architectural Style Renzo Pianos work has been called high-tech and bold postmodernism. His 2006 renovation and expansion of the Morgan Library and Museum shows that he has much more than one style. The interior is open, light, modern, natural, old, and new at the same time. Unlike most other architectural stars, writes architecture critic Paul Goldberger, Piano has no signature style. Instead, his work is characterized by a genius for balance and context. The Renzo Piano Building Workshop works with the understanding that architecture is ultimately uno spazio per la gente, a space for people. With attention to detail and maximizing the use of natural light, Pianos many projects exemplify how massive structures can retain a delicateness. Examples include the 1990 sports stadium San Nicola in Bari, Italy, designed to appear to open like petals of a flower. Likewise, in the Lingotto district of Turin, Italy, the 1920s-era car manufacturing factory now has a transparent bubble meeting room on the roof- a light-filled area built for employees in Pianos 1994 building conversion. The exterior facade remains historic; the interior is all new. Variety Piano building exteriors are rarely the same, signature style that cries out the architects name. The 2015 stone-sided New Parliament Building in Valletta, Malta is quite different from the 2010 colorful terracotta facades of Central St. Giles Court in London- and both are different than the 2012 London Bridge Tower, which because of its glass exterior is today known as The Shard. But Renzo Piano does speak of a theme that unites his work: There is one theme that is very important for me: lightness...In my architecture, I try to use immaterial elements like transparency, lightness, the vibration of the light. I believe that they are as much a part of the composition as the shapes and volumes. Finding Spatial Connections The Renzo Piano Building Workshop has developed a reputation for reinventing standing architecture and creating something new. In northern Italy, Piano has done this at the Old Port in Genoa (Porto Antico di Genova) and the brownfield Le Albere district in Trento. In the U.S., he has made modern connections that transformed disparate buildings into a more unified whole. The  Pierpont Morgan Library in New York City went from a city block of separate buildings into a center of research and social gathering under one roof. On the West Coast, Pianos team was asked to fuse the scattered buildings of Los Angeles County Museum of Art (LACMA) into a cohesive campus. Their solution was, in part, to bury the parking lots underground, thus creating space for covered pedestrian walkways to connect the present and future architecture. Choosing a top 10 list of Renzo Piano projects to highlight is nearly impossible. Renzo Pianos work, like that of other great architects, is elegantly distinctive and socially responsible. Legacy In 1998, Renzo Piano was awarded what some call architectures highest honor- The Pritzker Architecture Prize. He remains one of the most respected, prolific, and innovative architects of his time. Many people connect Piano with the raucous design of the Centre de Georges Pompidou. Admittedly, it was not easy for him to lose that association. Because of the Centre, Piano has often been labeled high tech, but he is adamant that this does not describe him: [I]t implies that you arent thinking in a poetic way, he says, which is far from his self-conception. Piano considers himself to be a humanist and technologist, which both fit into modernism. Scholars of architecture note, as well, that Pianos work is rooted in the classical traditions of his Italian homeland. Judges for the Pritzker Architecture Prize credit Piano with redefining modern and postmodern architecture. Sources Biography of Renzo Piano. VIPEssays.com.â€Å"An Architects Vision.†Ã‚  California Academy of Sciences.Goldberger, Paul, and Paul Goldberger. â€Å"Molto Piano.†Ã‚  The New Yorker, The New Yorker, 20 June 2017.â€Å"Green Building Operations.†Ã‚  California Academy of Sciences.Piano, Renzo. 1998 Laureate Acceptance Speech. Pritzker Architecture Prize Ceremony at the White House. The Hyatt Foundation, June 17, 1998.â€Å"Renzo Piano 1998 Laureate Biography.†Ã¢â‚¬Å"RPBW Philosophy.† Renzo Piano Building Workshop (RPBW).

Corporate Compliance to Risk Management Research Paper

Corporate Compliance to Risk Management - Research Paper Example The framework proposed by COSO helps companies to develop a successful and effective plan which meets the requirements and risk areas stipulated by COSO. The bigger the risk is, the greater is the prospect for gain-and for loss. Risk management plays an important role for a Pre-Paid Phone Cards company allowing management to predict and foresee possible dangers and solutions. Strategic objectives of the risk management plan are to cover all areas of Pre-Paid Phone Cards service and reduce risk situations and their negative impact on the company. Operations objective is to recognize that when a task is being done for the first time, the risk of not achieving budget, schedule, or specification targets is substantial. Also, the nature of new technology is that its development faces more than the usual levels of uncertainty. Reporting objective is to meet the established procedure and report all risk satiations. Compliance objective is to respond effectively to rules and regulations, financial reposting and corporate laws (Broder, 1999). Identify risk. Financial department will routinely scan the organization's internal and external environment to surface risk events that might affect its operations and well-being. Through this process, they develop a good sense of the bad things they might encounter in projects and operations. Examine risk impacts, both qualitative and quantitative. After financial officers develop a sense of the risk events they might encounter in Step 2, systematically determine the consequences associated with their occurrence. Think through hard-to-measure consequences by means of qualitative analysis. Develop risk-handling strategies: Now that financial officers know what risk events they might encounter (Step 2) and the consequences associated with them (Step 3), develop strategies to deal with them. Monitor and control risks. As projects and operations are underway, financial officers need to monitor the organization's disk space to see if untoward events have arisen that need to be handled. If the monitoring effort identifies problems in the process, then steps should be taken to control them.  

ASSIGNMENT Annotated Bibliography Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

ASSIGNMENT - Annotated Bibliography Example two years revealed that the students had higher achievements in comprehension reading, vocabulary reading, and computation of mathematics, language expression and better interaction with other students. The handicapped students were more accepted than it was in the tradition school. The gifted students are also seen to perform well than it was before the project. The physically handicapped students are more appreciated by their peers and this helps them to explore their potential. They can do a lot of work and achieve more than their peers who are not handicapped. The author research clearly depicts that cooperation amongst teachers, parent, and children influences positively on the development of the child and their achievement. The author has also pointed out that the physically handicapped students can do well if they are not isolated fro others. There is no difference between the physically challenged student and the normal students when all are treated equally. The research is s ignificantly practical since it use the students as the subject as well as the audience. The second article was looking into the effects of peer collaboration on children arithmetic and self regulated learning skills. Peer collaboration groups were compared using the traditional method and the independent method to assess the changes amongst the children. The progress of the students was determined by their calculations, ability in arithmetic, self regulated learning in mathematics, as well as quantitative concepts. The outcomes of the test reveal hat there is no significant change in assessing between teaching methods when assessing arithmetic in calculation and total. Peer collaboration is effective than independent and traditional work for students’ intrinsic motivation. In the research, the author has concentrated on the interaction of the peers in their studies. Peer groups motivate each other, and most school should adopt group learning systems to motivate their students. The

Effect of Market on Pay Rates and Structures

Effect of Market on Pay Rates and Structures Executive Summary This assignment is based on two parts. Part A is focused on what is happening in the market of pay rates and structures. How management decide to pay to their employees and factors affecting the pay systems? Part A is mainly discussed on the factors that affecting to the pay rates in organisations. The role of management to deciding the pay structure and the system, they should follow to decide the pay rates. It consists of many illustration and examples in the way of case studies. It includes an overview of the scope in reward management, a description of the factors of pay rates coming in this context. The careful review and analysis are performed on deciding the pay rates, the conclusions are judged with suitable references and examples. In part B of this assignment, the topic of dismissal is discussed. The types of dismissals procedure and the methods of managing the dismissals in organisations. In this assignment, we discuss the need of the dismissals and how to manage it properly. The is supported with literature reviews and case studies. What is the affect of the dismissals on the employers as well as employees and how society is affected by this? This part will discuss on fair dismissals and the legal aspects of the dismissal process. Part A Do you think â€Å"management freedom of action in deciding relative pay rates is constrained by the product market, the labour market, collective bargaining, technology and the internal labour market † Discuss and debate. What factors should management consider in your opinion? Substantiate with many examples. Introduction The skills of managers had explained that there are several ways of connecting different types of efforts and rewards relying on what is being occurred and by which method. There are many varieties of pay distribution structure. Payment by outcome plans of different types, system then connect time-related encouragement to achievement criteria group and individual schemes, bonus plans relates to plan outcome. Sometimes payment systems are determined to work in some conditions but not in all. Sometimes, managements experience with the payment system is not planned in a proper method to show which payments are suitable for which situations, its objectives? The management indicate to some of the characteristics in choosing proper payment systems such as- product market, labour market, trade unions, technology and the expectations and manners of workplace. There are further factors which also need to be considered by the management while deciding or modifying the pay system. Each factor is present in every situation, but differs in their application depending on the time and situation. The management should organise systematically the payment systems and would require a method of calculating the differences applied in these factors. The managements experience need a process of designating payment schemes in such a manner that it should match with the conditions. Although, there is no specific criteria or any particular system designed, which can provide management to classify payment systems, especially to help at the time of choosing payment system. Also there is no particular format or method which is available to suit unusual or unpredicted situations. It has been said that when basic necessities are satisfied, like food, shelter, clothing, then other higher needs comes further. Therefore employees expect from the management to redefine their jobs, so that their jobs can be enlarged and they get work promotions, which could enlarge their range of skills. There is need for training to enlarge the skills of employees, which they expect more from the managements side to be classified as continuous process. Management have to deal with all these problems. Firstly, they have to classify the schemes and motivate th e workers. Secondly, they have to add the procedure that provides them opportunity of the design of organisation. Thirdly, to add the aims of the managers which they would need to set themselves. Consequently, there are many other factors while discussing the pay rates by the management. Pay Structure The time, management selects the pay rate for their workers, they have to choose how they will reward them. The systems transparency is the basic key to make certain that everyone knows the system of their payment calculation and on what basis they are receiving their bonouses or enhancements. What is Pay Structures? According to Armstrong and Brown, Definition: â€Å"Pay structure gives a structure for managing base pay and other aspects of reward† Some main types of pay structures are Traditional graded structures Broadbanded structures Graded pay structures Job families Mixed model ( broadbanded and job family) Pay spines Individual job structures In many organisations, there is lack of formal pay structures and they use ‘spot rates for different jobs or people. There is no scope of progress in pays, just what they think at that time the pay should satisfy minimum needs for the workers that will be the pay of that worker. For example, Thistle Hotels acquired a market-driven spot rate approach. According to the authors, in the UK ,there are great numbers of organisations with less than 100 employees have no formal pay structure, just what they think at the time of the appointment of the employees, they are worth, that will be the pay structure of them. But in other big organisations, they use the formal structure of pay which Appoint pay scales grouped into grades. Progress the actions for pay progression. Specify the criteria on which individuals or jobs can shift between grades, bands or levels. Factors Affecting Pay Rates Managers freedom of action make manager more flexibility in determining an employees pay rate within a specified salary range. With this flexibility comes accountability, however, requiring managers to apply sound judgment using a set of established pay factors to justify an employees rate of pay. Salaries are â€Å"managed† normally around market rates depending on departmental needs, the work units needs, and budget availability or constraints. Applicant and employee situations may make one or more of these factors more important in determining the pay rate. Managers may also consult with Human Resource staff experienced in applying pay factors as a resource when making pay decisions. There are primary pay factors to consider when making a pay decision in career. Those pay factors are described below.Pay decisions should be made fairly taking into consideration all of the following. There are several things and issues which management to kept in mind because these issues are important and core issues could make a impact on management in terms of relative these core issues are under. On first stage we need to discuss these issue then after that recommendations could be make easily 1) Labour market: In labour market, labour organization is usually showed as a complication for adjustment. But responses of unions are aggressive opposition to acceptance or even explicit cooperation. There are three main characteristic responsible for this kind of events. These are mention in the below diagram. A) Strength of labour movement: In industry, the labours an aggressive attitude on wages tends to be associated with relatively strong unions. As expected, the small or week unions are less aggressive. The large or powerful unions are more responsible because they are greatly participation in discussion and decision making at the national level. On the other hand in the developing countries this kind of formality is totally different. Only a few unions have strong labour movement and among this the aggressive attitude is common. B) Economic Cycle: In the developing as well as industrial nations, the depression is reduces aggressive attitude of labour regularly. C) Political institutions: The nature of the political command is only associated with how governments handle labour relations. More important things are that behaviour of labour unions towards the nature of political party and how these unions are connected with these parties. The workers cooperation is related to those things which encourage the business to invest. The current sacrifices will ultimately relate to future gains or profits. (Booth, A. (1995), The Economics of the Trade Union, Cambridge, CUP.) Case Study: Labour Market Outcomes and Trade Reforms: The Case of India* The Policy Reforms of 1991 In 1991, modifying labour laws to enhance flexibility in labour markets was envisaged as  part of the economic reform program that commence. However, the lack of harmony and political instability has postponed industrial relations reforms. A handful of changes have been initiated in recent years. For instance, as part of the restructure of unprofitable public-sector enterprises, a voluntary retirement system was institute by the government to reduce their workforce. In 2002, the government decided to modify the Industrial Disputes Act of 1947 allow companies to lay off employees without seeking its permission, if they employ less than 1,000 workers. This change is likely to impact 95 percent of Indian enterprises, provide employers with greater freedom in their labour decisions and improve labour market flexibility. Labour Markets: Regulations and Rigidities The informal sectors of the economy, which account for the bulk of employment, have remained outside the scope of labour laws and labour-market Institutions. Furthermore, the informal nature of employment contracts, the illiteracy of the workers, and the surplus labour in the rural economy have condemned attempts to unionize these workers. In India, Most labour laws are applicable to the organized sector. The organized sector offers what can be called â€Å"good† jobs and failure of the sector to draw out labour from unorganized sectors leads to a general decline in employment conditions. Labour Market Rigidity Indias labour market is ranked 45th labour market flexibility in the GCR 1998. Rigidities include rigidities in the deployment of human resources, in work practices, and in wages. While India is a labour surplus economy, wages are often set at above market clearing levels, particularly in the organized sector. The downward demands on wages are mitigate by labour market imperfection such as the existence of monopolistic trade unions and minimum wages guaranteed by law. These conditions apply especially to the public sector. The government fixes minimum wages for workers in the unorganized sector. However, constitutional minimum wages have been largely ineffective in influencing wages in unorganized sectors due to weak enforcement, irregular revisions, and lack of proper indexation to cost of living. In an economy where state-sponsored social security is nearly absent and where â€Å"good jobs† are unusual, employment security in the organized sector is of apparent value. The issue is not simply one of removing rigidities; it is also one of concurrently ensuring the economic and social security of the workers. While labour market flexibility will make possible readjustment and restructuring, it must be accompany by some kind of insurance and social security to the huge unorganized labour force in the country. Employment provided under the â€Å"Jawaharlal Rodger Yolanda† — a form of unemployment benefit where the government provides employment through labour-intensive infrastructure projects. (Pushan Dutt, Department of Economics, University of Alberta, 2005.) 2) Product Market: A full understanding of how product market regulation affect labour market out comes requires a systematic measurement of the channels through which these regulations affect equilibrium outcomes in various economic environments. In this framework, job insecurity generates a perverse effect on workers incentives, which shifts up the real wages schedule and may yield employment losses. Product market regulation and redundancy payments contribute to reducing labour turnover, thus easing the workers incentive constraint. Consequently, and against conventional wisdom, regulations may have a positive impact on employment, and a substitution effect may emerge across deregulation policies. Moreover, in some cases a complementarily arise between regulation in product and labour markets, both interacting to ensure more stable labour regulation.(oxford journals, industrial and corporate change, 2006) Product market reforms can give significant economy advantages. All organisation for economic development (OECD) countries rely essentially on competition in product markets to organize product. The advantages of competitive markets over command and control system is generally recognized. It is regularly difficult to provide experiential evidence of the effect of incremental changes in the intensity of competition for aggregate economic performance. This is partly because product market competition is only one among many factors influencing key aggregate performance indicators, such as productivity and employment. OECD has a rational connection between strong competition in markets for goods and services and better productivity and employment outcomes.( Product Market Regulation and Market Work: A Benchmark Analysis, Lei Fang and Richard Rogerson, NBER Working Paper, February 2007) Case Study: BT- telecommunications company increase marketing response rates by 100 percent. Challenge: BT needed to identify customers propensity to purchase and then calculate their likely competitive value once they become customers, to obtain the greatest value from its marketing budget. After creating accurate customers profiles, BT planned to develop new product targeted to specific customers groups. Solution: BT selected PASW Modeller (one type of software) to analyze data and build exploratory models for its â€Å"business highway† campaign, which was aimed at small business customers. A higher response rates to marketing campaigns, increase product revenues, and an even greater market share for the company. Results: 1) Improved direct mail campaign response rate by 100 percent. 2) Provided sales and marketing with a targeted â€Å"best prospects† list the once peaceful telecommunication industry has turned competitive. To retain its customers, gain new customers, and maximize sales, the company needed facts about exactly who was buying its products and services. To identify these customers, the company established a customer and campaign analysis team, headed by Senior Consultant Stephen OBrien, within its business connections division. The teams first assignment was to model customer profiles for BTs Business Highway product, which provides small business customers with three telephone numbers, one standard and two digital, on a single line. The launch included a major direct mail campaign and national media coverage. (http://www. Financial times.co.uk, 2007) 3) Collective Bargaining: Collective bargaining is specifically an industrial relations instrument or device for employment relationship. In collective bargaining, the union always has a combined interest for the benefit of several employees. Where collective bargaining is not for one employer but for several, cooperative interests become a characteristic for both parties to the bargaining process. Further, in labour relations involve the public interest on pay which can impact on need to be satisfied, such as the subsistence of the freedom of association and a labour law system. The nature of the relationship between the parties in collective bargaining distinguish prices. (Sriyan de Silva, Collective Bargaining Negotiations, 199, INTERNATIONAL LABOUR ORGANISATION) Governments are interfere in collective bargaining because the negotiations are of interest to those away from the parties themselves. In collective bargaining certain essential conditions the negotiations from normal commercial negotiations in which the buyer may be in a stronger position as he could take his business elsewhere. In the employment relationship the employer is a buyer of services and the employee the seller, and the latter may have the more powerful authorize in the form of trade union action. (Blau, F.D. and Kahn, L.M. 1996: International Differences in Male Wage Inequality: Institutions versus Market Forces, Journal of Political Economy, 104, 4, 791-837.) The ILO Right to Organize and Collective Bargaining Convention (No. 98), 1949 describes collective bargaining as: Voluntary negotiation between employers or employers organizations and workers organizations, with a view to the regulation of terms and conditions of employment by collective agreements.( ILO, Collective Bargaining Convention, 1949) According to Marginson and Sisson. There are several essential characteristics of collective bargaining, all of which cannot be reflected in a single definition or description of the process: It is not corresponding to collective agreements because collective bargaining refers to the process, and collective agreements to the possible result of bargaining. It is a method used by trade unions to develop the terms and conditions of employment of their members. It seeks to restore the imbalanced bargaining position between employer and employee. Where collective bargaining impinges on government policy. Where it leads to an agreement, it modifies the individual contract of employment because it does not create the employer-employee relationship. (Marginson, P. and Sisson, K. 1998: European Collective Bargaining: a Virtual Prospect?, Journal of Common Market Studies Vol 36, 4, 505-28.) Case Study: Bargaining Power for Farmers, or The More Things Change†¦ Richard A. Levins is Professor and Extension Agricultural Economist in the Department of Applied Economics at the University of Minnesota. Since the closing of the frontier in the last quarter of the 19th Century, the encounter with an increasingly dominant urban-industrial society has emerged as the major force in American agricultural development.The dramatic impact of this encounter during the last two decades has contributed to a crisis in social organization in both urban and rural areas.This crisis has resulted in intense concern by farmers and farm organizations over agricultures changing role in the national economy. â€Å"Bargaining power for farmers† has turned into one of the leading issues in current agricultural policy discussion. The milk holding action by the National Farmers Organization (NFO) in March 1967 dramatized, both to the general public and the national political leadership, the seriousness of the efforts some farmers were willing to make in order to achieve greater bargaining  power in the marketplace. In response to this new evidence of rural unrest Secretary of Agriculture Freeman took to the country for a series of â€Å"shirtsleeve† conferences with largely hostile farm audiences across the Midwest.Task force studies and meetings with farm producers  and marketing organizations to explore the interest and economic consequences of strengthening the power of farmers to bargain about terms of sale and market prices were conducted by USDA during the fall of 1967. In his January 1968 State of the Union  Address and his February 27 Agricultural Message, President Johnson recommended that Congress give serious attention to legislation â€Å"to help farmers bargain more effectively for fair prices.† The issue of bargaining power for farmers is not new in the history of agricultural policy discussion. Farmers have long used organization as a means of improving their political and economic bargaining power.The National Grange, oldest of U.S. farm organizations (founded 1867), grew rapidly in response to the long period of rural distress in the 1870s.The Farmers Alliance Movement in the 1880s represented a second major attempt by farmers to organize themselves, an effort that led to the formation of the Populist Party in 1891.The Farmers Union, organized in 1902, drew heavily on the old Farmers Alliance-Populist movement for its leadership and support. In contrast to earlier political efforts, however, the Farmers Union placed major emphasis on achieving economic power through cooperative marketing. The most dramatic effort by farmers to achieve direct marketing power occurred during the 1920s. Farmer cooperative associations achieved protection from antitrust action through the Cl ayton Antitrust Act (1914) and the Capper-Volstead Act (1922). Under the leadership of Aaron Sapiro of California, national commodity cooperatives for wheat, cotton, tobacco, peanuts, and many other crops were formed.The objective was to obtain control over a sufficient portion of the entire crop to become a dominant factor in the market. Control of producer deliveries were to be achieved by means of long-term contracts with members. (http://www.choicesmagazine.org/2002-4/2002-4-02.pdf) 4) Technology: Technology also plays an important part in terms of pay rise or relative pay rate because now a days technologies like work process engineering has minimise the labour role also because in the past labourer do so many things with hand but now a days those things could be easily done by the help of technology has some how overtaken the place of labour work .So management also bare in mind that if they are going increase relative pay or they going to invest in technological side they can save a lot of money while investing in technology. So technology also plays important role in terms of pay rise . 5) Internal labour market: Internal labour market also plays an important part on relative pay rates because now a days even though free capital market concept but all of this some countries at present they protect internal labour market .Because now a days internal labour market peoples enjoyed more benefits instead of peoples who came from some where else .Internal labour market also gives management some so management they believes internal labour market is bit more expensive then international labour market. 6) Financial Resources Available: Generally , it is HR staff for how much the salary will be paid to workers but there is also the responsibility of the manager as well to promote their workers. Often, when manager want to promote their staff the financial of the organization will become the challenge for the manager. Therefore manager should be aware of budget resources of all decision will be made. They have to weigh the available budget that company has against with the other factors for the best solutions. Managers should insight of the competencies and how HR used to recruit, hire, evaluate, develop, and pay their staff. The manager probably get help form consulting with HR staff for more information. Before promote any staff for more pay that is the duty of manger to make sure that the company have the budget available for that position for the promising a pay rise, which means if no fund available that is no point for manager to post or advertise for a higher position to their staff. As a managers that is nece ssary to work with all level position in the organization such as subordinates, upper management and most important is cousulting with HR for get the information as much as possible to decide what range of performance will be the most required for employee in each section to move from one level to another. As the employee , they have right to use their new ability or their specific competence they gain for a increase pay. Normally, if the employees who have the higher-level skills which not needed for the work the skills they have will be not considered for higher paid. Employees must be able to use their new competencies within the work unit to qualify for a pay increase. Managers must make sure that they have a plan and are allocating pay raises fairly and equitably rather than haphazardly or under changing â€Å"rules† for different employees. 7) Appropriate Market Rate: As managers, it is crucial to understand of market labor value of particular job for making decisions about the salary. Sometimes market rate not fixed all the time therefore the manager can justify paying higher rate on some case. Managers should be aware of the competencies and skills that already listed as minimum qualifications for the job. Managers should ask HR to establish a higher Market Reference Rate that exceeds the established market rate (if verified by market conditions). HR regularly monitors market rates for certain jobs but can do special reviews at the request of managers in situations like these. Generally, management should not pay too high than the established market rate for new employees for the task that only worth for certain amount. Hence, management have to study and always updated the established market rate for each position and level that will be promoted. The best way for manager to update is to consult closely with the HR offices for market salary info rmation. 8) Internal Pay Alignment: Manager should attempt to equalize the pay amount of the worker at the same level, same task , same job and performing in the same unit as much as possible The manager have to make sure that the person who will be paid more than the others, will be justified by more than one factors not only the years of services. When the manager becomes aware of any possible unjustified pay inequities among peers, these inequities should be investigated and resolved or justified to maintain fair treatment and to avoid legal problems based on possible discrimination or equal employment issues. The HR office is available to assist with reviews of internal pay equity issues. Fair salary offer for new employee should be consider with the existing employees salary and benefit package compare with the market rate. The manager may decide to make some salary adjustments. Or the manager may decide that this is not an important factor compared to other pay factors, and may not need to make any adjustments. M anagers might again consult with HR staff for help in analyzing differences in pay and benefit package comparisons. For more example, a chosen experienced applicant may be coming from another state with a comparable salary but where the cost for family health insurance was significantly less than the company rates. The manager may decide to add a proportionate increase to the salary offer to make up for the applicants increased insurance costs. In another example, a chosen experienced applicant may be coming to us from another state with a much higher salary (above the market rate for this position). The manager decides to offer the company standard market rate salary and considers this a fair offer since the cost of living in the company area is significantly less than in the applicants former state. 9) Required Competencies: That is the managers duty to make sure that the staff or an applicant has the minimum qualifications of the job. Qualifications are the competencies such as the knowledge, skills, abilities and traits which is determine and employees perform. These things are the factors of how applicants are hired and staff appraisals. Hence, it is very crucial that the competencies is expected for each person to categories their level in a particular job. Manager should make sure that any pay rates accurately reflect an employees competency level and the correct associated market rate. Moreover, managers have to make sure that a current staff have the minimum skills which required of the job. In filling a vacant position, the manager should consider on the level before posting and lists minimum and preferred qualifications. Also the pay range for the job at the suitable contributing, journey or advanced level. The duties and responsibilities for the job also counted for recruit employee. An applicant who only has the minimum qualification is not possible to qualify for a higher-level job therefore they can not be paid at higher level. Manager must check that the duties, responsibilities and ability are consistently applied to the correct levels. Basically, the more education and experience a person has got , the higher the level of competencies. Managers should be aware that employees or applicants years of experience do not always equate with levels of competencies, however. This means that two individuals working in the same class may have equal years of experien ce, but be at a different competency levels therefore different pay rate. Case Study: Pay strategy at Eastern Power plc Prior to Eastern Power plc becoming a privatized electricity supply company, pay awards were across-the-board annual pay increases and personal progression through salary grades until the maximum of the grade was reached. Annual pay awards were based on cost of living indexes nationally negotiated between the employers and trade unions on an industry-wide basis. With the formation of independent and competing electricity supply companies, the pay system was identified by senior management at Eastern Power as an important means of demonstrating the companys new, more autonomous, market-driven nature. Furthermore, it provided a tangible mechanism for reinforcing the cultural change required of individuals accustomed to working in a large public utility. Performance-related pay was introduced with no real preparation of the workforce and minimal, if any, training of line managers about either its intended purpose or application. During the first two years of operating PRP , the reported employee and managerial experience was far from positive. Complaints of inequitable treatment grew, many managers were uncomfortable with their increased discretion and pay decisions were frequently viewed as unfair, subjective and over-dependent on personal managerial preferences. Line management reported feeling unclear about what was expected from them in the new organization, which was reflected in the difficulty they had in setting clear and measurable targets for the employees for whom they were responsible. At Eastern Power plc, moving to performance-based pay strengthened the power and influence of line managers in the employment relationship but it also increased their supervisory responsibilities, accountability and emphasized the importance of demonstrating fairness and consistency in their decision-making. In a rapidly changing organizational context, it may well provide an immediate means of ‘signalling a changed organizational climate but clarifying mutual expectations of the wage/effort bargain at the level of the individual remains of paramount importance in the employment relationship. The process of achieving the desired alignment is widely recognized as complex and ‘reward management can be seen as indicative of the contradictions that exist within the discipline labelled human resource management'(Kelly and Monks, 1998:113). In part this is due to the very tangible nature of pay compared with many other human resourcing strategies. The contradictions observed in rewards policies certainly provide plentiful illustrations of a dilemma long identified in strategic human resourcing: how to elicit organizational commitment through the development of employee potential( Walton, 1985) while optimizing the use of human resources just as any other economic factor ( Storey, 1992 ). Source: http://www.unison.org.uk/acrobat/B871.pdf (John Leopold Lynette Harris Tony Watson , The strategic Managing of Human Resources, Prentice Hall ,2005 p 211-220) Case study: Smart company

Adapting To Change In The Twenty First Century Education Essay

I believe it was Albert Einstein who was one time quoted as stating â€Å" No job can be solved by the same consciousness that created it. We need to see the universe anew. † It would look that the twenty-first century pupil, in our pursuit for continued instruction, has subconsciously adopted this doctrine. Imagine that you are a individual parent of 2 school-aged kids who has been working the same occupation for the past 7 old ages when all of a sudden there is a rumour of extroverted layoffs. Fear sets in as you realize that the lone accomplishment you know is the same accomplishment that kept you in your comfort zone for the past 7 old ages. Now at this point you have two options ; either sit at place while roll uping unemployment until another occupation becomes available with the same accomplishment set, or larn another accomplishment. Working in higher instruction I have seen a displacement in the pupil demographic in that fresher are no longer the 18-year-old fresh out of high school pupil but to that of the 35-year-old ma who wants to complete her instruction in an attempt to get a better paying calling. So one might inquire them egos, who precisely is the twenty-first century pupil and how can educators modify their instruction methods to include this older, extremely motivated pupil. Harmonizing to ehow.com,[ 1 ]grownups return to school for one of these five grounds ; calling alteration, to carry through a end, larn a new accomplishment, merriment or to foster their instruction. In today ‘s tough economic clime, good paying occupations are traveling to those persons who are non merely adept in their field, but besides extremely educated. More and more grownups are recognizing this fact and taking advantage of all the instruction inducements provided by the authorities, which makes traveling back to school less intimidating and more accessible. In add-on, federal support beginnings for traveling back to school hold become less of a job w ith the growing of online categories. Working grownups can now take categories and have a grade without changing their already really busy lives. This is really of import to me because I excessively, am a twenty-first century pupil. I ‘m a 34-year-old professional male who decided to fall in the multitudes in returning back to school to acquire my grade in web security. Peoples have their different grounds for returning back to school but for me it ‘s the ability to hold â€Å" calling † options alternatively of â€Å" occupation † options. I can hold with Dee Dee Smith when she states, â€Å" returning to school as an grownup can be a hard passage. But you do n't hold to plunge in, you can do the passage easy. † So to better understand my state of affairs I must foremost happen out who the twenty-first century student/non traditional pupil is and what makes him/her return to school and how can educators modify their methods to assist us along our ne w journey? So who is this new aged pupil and what makes them different? â€Å" How should we learn them? Is engineering in the category a aid or a expletive? † These are inquiries that Marc Prensky proposed that we should inquire ourselves. Understanding that today ‘s pupils have better entree to information, we must besides larn to cover with the gait in which this pupil retains new information. Harmonizing to assorted beginnings it can be determined that the mean age of the new age pupil has increased from 18 twelvemonth olds, up to 28 to 32 twelvemonth olds. This pupil is much more mature and stable in that they have the advantage of existent life experience. They have had to equilibrate budgets, purchase places, raise kids and do really of import life determinations. This gives them an border up as it pertains to the subject needed to win in a higher instruction environment. They have besides been exposed to a figure of new engineerings giving them another advantage. When you g auge the type of tools that are accessible by pupils and compare it to the resources that were available you find that pupils of today ‘s coevals have it easier. How does this fact impact our new, non-traditional pupil? Well in several ways. When you think about survey and research wonts of yesterday you likely think of a batch of pupils sitting in the library traveling through book after book. Now you can sit literally anyplace in the universe and expression through those same books and even interact with fellow schoolmates while working at your ain gait. So it ‘s my sentiment that when you combine the survey wonts of older more seasoned pupils with the resources of today so you have the twenty-first century pupil. This pupil knows how to outdo use the resources available to them to accomplish positive results in assignments. There are, nevertheless, several misconceptions about non-traditional pupils. Some can reason that non-traditional pupils do non suit good into to day ‘s instruction procedure. One ground is that of pupil lodging. Lonnie Allen states that non-traditional pupils have become the â€Å" white elephants on campus † . He goes on to province â€Å" it would be unusual for person to see older pupils walking in and out of occupant halls they call place. † ( Lonnie Allen ) One manner to see untraditional pupils in this present twenty-four hours is non as a group that is characterized by socially constructed traits such as age or cultural background or by functions connected by such footings as ; â€Å" dropout † , â€Å" immigrant † or â€Å" first coevals † . Rather, untraditional pupils can be better viewed as a deprived population. In many facets, the disadvantage can be linked to economic position. Many economic expert say that we are presently populating in a recession period and with the monetary value of pretty much everything from gas to milk on the rise, colleges and other establishments have no pick but to react the same manner. Some even compare the current fiscal position of America to that of the recession of the '90s. During the recession of the 1990 ‘s, â€Å" most establishments responded by once more increasing tuition aggressively, a response good honed in the last recession and actively encouraged by many governors. † ( David Breneman ) Bing that most of our non traditional pupils can be identified as working category grownups, doing the determination to return to school in the center of a ballad offs and cut dorsums can be hard, non to advert the crisp rise in tuition. With all these variables in topographic point, it ‘s easy to see how this can put the non-traditional pupil at a spot of a disadvantage. Another manner to see the non-traditional pupil is risk factors. Hazard Factors is another construct that is tied to adult pupils, but the inside informations are non disaggregated by institutional type. A National Center for Educational Statistics ( NCES ) tabular array, â€Å" Percentage of 1999-2000 undergraduates with assorted hazard features, † addresses â€Å" risk factors † for pupils, including parttime attending at college, delayed registration, holding dependants, and working while enrolled. ( NCES ) Students aged 24 and older are more likely to ho ld dependents while trying to foster their instruction. Older pupils are besides more likely to be working full clip or portion clip while taking categories. Overall, I believe it ‘s safe to organize the sentiment that the older the non-traditional pupil, the higher the hazard factor. Another position of NCES information references employment for grownups, those 24 and older, who consider work to be their first precedence and college their 2nd. This group is compared to those who are chiefly pupils but besides work as a secondary function. While all of these persons are considered to be grownups by age, their lives are likely to be rather different. Other footings such as â€Å" untraditional undergraduates † gaining control a porton of this twenty-first century pupil population, but do non depict it wholly. For illustration, Choy defines and characterizes â€Å" untraditional undergraduates † as those at any degree of postsecondary instruction: pupils who delay their entry to college, who carry a portion clip academic burden, who work while enrolled in college, who are financially independent and may hold kids or other dependents, who may be individual parents, and who do non hold high school sheepskin. Parts of these pupils have merely one or two of these untraditional features, while others fit in to multiple classs. ( Susan Choy ) Choy ‘s information is non disaggregated by age, and therefore big pupils can non be separated from the entire population. Although there is a batch of literature every bit good as informations sets on the academic advancement, registration forms, continuity, and degree attainme nt of untraditional pupils, the connexions of this scholarship and the informations sets to grownups pupils can non be verified.

Figurative Language in A Rose for Emily - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 1 Words: 368 Downloads: 10 Date added: 2019/04/15 Category Literature Essay Level High school Tags: A Rose For Emily Essay Did you like this example? The rose dedicated to Emily tells the story of a child in the southern aristocratic family. Emily is a child of a southern aristocratic family. Under the overprotection of her father, Emily became a lonely and weird woman. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Figurative Language in A Rose for Emily" essay for you Create order After the death of her father, Emily met Homer. She paid all the love for Homer, but Homer had the thought of leaving. So Emily killed him and put him on the bed in the bedroom for more than ten years. This secret was discovered only after Emily left. This story is a metaphor for the failure and decline of the Southern tradition. There are many metaphors in this story. For example, Emilys father, the Southern society in the United States was a patriarchal society, and women were excluded from a dark corner. They were just a shadow that could not exist independently. Emilys father is a typical representative of this patriarchal society. He was overbearing, and he used a whip to drive away all of Emilys pursuers, making Emily miss her best age. At that time, Emily had no independent status and no free will. The portrait of her fathers charcoal is hanging on the morgue, and her face is musing. The father seems to be the shadow that Emily cant get rid of. It is as if in the American Southern society at the time, all women were assimilated into the shadow of men. The black slave Toby in the text is actually a symbol of the slavery in the South. Although the author did not use too much ink to describe him, he was the last person to accompany Emily, and waited until Emily died. It shows that the old culture of the S outh has passed and slavery no longer exists. So Toby also left peoples sight. The last sentence in the article describes his sentence as He walked through the house and walked out of the back door, and he never disappeared. At the end of the novel, the ruined rose curtains, the rose shades, the dresser suggests that Miss Emily is like a long-lost rose, inserted in a dusty vase. Together with that gorgeous and morbid era, it will always be fixed on that day.

The 13th Amendment History and Impact

The 13th Amendment to the United States Constitution, ratified just months after the end of the American Civil War, abolished slavery and involuntary servitude—except as a punishment for a crime—in the entire United States. As passed by Congress on January 31, 1865, and ratified by the states on December 6, 1865, the full text of the 13th Amendment reads: Section OneNeither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as a punishment for crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the United States, or any place subject to their jurisdiction.Section TwoCongress shall have power to enforce this article by appropriate legislation. Along with the 14th Amendment and the 15th Amendment, the 13th Amendment was the first of the three Reconstruction Period amendments adopted following the Civil War. Two Centuries of Slavery in America While the Declaration of Independence of 1776 and the U.S. Constitution as adopted in 1789 both stressed liberty and equality as foundations of the American vision, the 13th Amendment of 1865 marked the first explicit mention of slavery in the Constitution. Key Takeaways: The 13th Amendment The 13th Amendment abolished slavery and involuntary servitude—except when applied as punishment for a crime—in the entire United States.The 13th Amendment was passed by Congress on January 31, 1865, and ratified on December 6, 1865.Along with the 14th and 15th Amendments, the 13th Amendment was the first of the three Reconstruction Period amendments adopted following the Civil War.The Emancipation Proclamation of 1863 freed slaves only in the 11 Confederate states.Unlike the 14th and 15th Amendments, which apply only to the government, the 13th Amendment applies to the actions of private citizens.Despite the 13th Amendment, vestiges of racial discrimination and inequality would continue to exist in America well into the 20th century. Since the 1600s, slavery and the slave trade had been legal in all 13 American colonies. Indeed, many of the Founding Fathers, though feeling slavery was wrong, owned slaves. President Thomas Jefferson signed the Act Prohibiting Importation of Slaves in 1807. Still, slavery—particularly in the South—flourished until the start of the Civil War in 1861. As the Civil War began, an estimated 4 million people—almost 13% of the total U.S population at the time—most of them African Americans, were held as slaves in 15 southern and the North-South Border States. Emancipation Proclamation’s Slippery Slope Despite his long-held hatred of slavery, President Abraham Lincoln wavered in dealing with it. In a last-ditch effort to prevent the Civil War in 1861, then President-elect Lincoln  implicitly endorsed the so-called Corwin Amendment, a never-ratified constitutional amendment that would have banned the U.S. government from abolishing slavery in the states where it existed at the time. Emancipation Proclamation 150th Anniversary at the National Archives By 1863, with the outcome of the Civil War still in doubt, Lincoln decided that freeing the slaves in the South would cripple the economy of the 11 Confederate States and help win the war. His famous Emancipation Proclamation ordered that all slaves held in those states â€Å"then in rebellion against the United States, shall be then, thenceforward, and forever free.† However, since it only applied to the areas of the Confederate states not already back under Union control, the Emancipation Proclamation alone failed to end slavery in the United States. Doing so  would require a constitutional amendment that abolished and forever banned the institution of slavery. Passage and Ratification The 13th Amendment’s road to enactment began in April 1864, when the U.S. Senate passed it by the required two-thirds supermajority vote. However, the amendment hit a roadblock in the House of Representatives, where it faced opposition by a significant number of Democrats who felt that the abolishment of slavery by the federal government would amount to a violation of the rights and powers reserved to the states. As Congress adjourned in July of 1864, with the presidential election looming, the future of the 13th Amendment remained cloudy at best. With the help of his growing popularity generated by recent Union military victories, Lincoln easily won re-election over his Democratic opponent, General George McClellan. Since the election took place during the Civil War, it was not contested in the states that had seceded from the Union. By the time Congress reconvened in December of 1864, Republicans, empowered by Lincoln’s landslide victory, made a big push to pass the proposed 13th Amendment. Lincoln himself personally lobbied Union-loyal Border State Democrats to change their â€Å"nay† votes to â€Å"ayes.† As Lincoln famously reminded his political friends and foes alike, â€Å"I leave it to you to determine how it shall be done; but remember that I am President of the United States, clothed with immense power, and I expect you to procure those votes.† National Archives. Download a PDF version. And â€Å"procure those votes† they did. On January 31, 1865, the House passed the proposed 13th Amendment by a vote of 119-56, barely over the two-thirds majority required. On February 1, 1865, Lincoln ordered the joint resolution proposing the amendment sent to the states for ratification. As the end of 1865 approached, nearly all of the Northern states and enough of the already â€Å"reconstructed† Southern states had ratified the measure to qualify it for final adoption.   Tragically assassinated on April 14, 1865, Lincoln did not live to see final ratification of the 13th Amendment, which did not come until December 6, 1865. Legacy Even after the 13th Amendment abolished slavery, racially-discriminatory measures like the post-Reconstruction Black Codes and Jim Crow Laws, along with state-sanctioned labor practices like convict leasing, continued to force many black Americans into involuntary labor for years. Since its adoption, the 13th Amendment has been cited in prohibiting peonage—a system where employers could force workers to pay off debts with work—and some other racially-discriminatory practices by labeling them as â€Å"badges and incidents of slavery.† While the 14th and 15th Amendments apply only to the actions of the government—by granting freed slaves citizenship and the right to vote—the 13th Amendment applies to the actions of private citizens. In this manner, the amendment gives Congress the power to enact laws against modern forms of slavery like human trafficking. Despite the intent and efforts of the 13th, 14th, and 15th Amendments to achieve equality for black Americans, full equality and a guarantee the civil rights of all Americans regardless of race would not be realized until well into the 20th century. The Civil Rights Act of 1964 and the Voting Rights Act of 1965, both enacted as part of the â€Å"Great Society† social reform program of President Lyndon B. Johnson, are considered to be the turning point in the long struggle for civil rights and racial equality in the United States. Sources â€Å"13th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution: Abolition of Slavery (1865).†Ã‚  Our Documents - 13th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution: Abolition of Slavery (1865) The 13th Amendment: Slavery And Involuntary Servitude. National Constitution Center – Constitutioncenter.org.Crofts, Daniel W. Lincoln and the Politics of Slavery: The Other Thirteenth Amendment and the Struggle to Save the Union, The University of North Carolina Press, 2016, Chapel Hill, N.C.Foner, Eric. The Fiery Trial: Abraham Lincoln and American Slavery. W.W. Norton, 2010, New York.Goodwin, Doris Kearns. Team of Rivals: The Political Genius of Abraham Lincoln. Simon Schuster, 2006, New York.